How many medical insurance programs does China have and which ones are mandatory?

China currently has three medical insurance programs:

• Urban employee basic medical insurance;
• Urban resident basic medical insurance; and
• New rural cooperative medical insurance.

The urban employee basic medical insurance is mandatory for urban employees of state-owned or private enterprises funded by employers and employees, while the two other insurance programs have been created for low-income citizens and are voluntary insurances funded by the government and individuals.